[Men working through mobile applications in Brazil: Reflections from occupational health]. / Hombres que trabajan a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil: reflexiones desde la salud ocupacional.

Work through mobile applications emerged as an alternative for many Brazilian men during the economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, these workers operate informally, without a formal employment relationship, leading to labor precariousness and a lack of workers' rights. Using a theoretical-reflexive, this study analyzes the intersection between occupational health, the platformization of work, and the specific challenges faced by male delivery app workers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflective categories are divided into two thematic sections: "Labor insertion through mobile applications in Brazil and the algorithmic work model" and "men, health, and motorcycles: occupational health and male behavior in app-based delivery work." The study examines the expansion of this type of work in the Brazilian socio-economic context, the lack of security and labor protection for these workers, as well as the risks faced, particularly during the pandemic, within a male-centric culture.

El trabajo a través de aplicaciones móviles surgió como una alternativa para muchos hombres brasileños durante la crisis económica y el aumento del desempleo. Sin embargo, estos trabajadores operan de manera informal, sin relación laboral, lo que genera precariedad laboral y falta de derechos laborales. Desde un abordaje teórico-reflexivo, este artículo analiza la intersección entre la salud ocupacional, la plataformización del trabajo y los desafíos específicos que enfrentan los hombres repartidores de aplicaciones, especialmente durante la pandemia de covid-19. Las categorías reflexivas se dividieron en dos secciones temáticas: "La inserción laboral a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil y el modelo de trabajo mediante algoritmos" y "hombres, salud y motocicletas: la salud ocupacional y el comportamiento masculino en el trabajo a través de aplicaciones de entrega". Se examina la expansión de este tipo de trabajo en el contexto socioeconómico brasileño, la falta de seguridad y protección laboral para estos trabajadores, así como los riesgos enfrentados, especialmente durante la pandemia, en el marco de una cultura masculina.

Psychosocial risks and their consequences on health and job satisfaction among Spanish police officers / Riesgos psicosociales y sus consecuencias sobre la salud y la satisfacción laboral en policías españoles

Fundamento. La vida laboral del policía es estresante dada la exposición al riesgo y a la violencia en el trabajo. Según el Modelo de Demandas y Recursos laborales (DRL), las condiciones de trabajo de los policías pueden influir en la salud y la satisfacción laboral. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron evaluar los factores psicosociales en el trabajo en una muestra de policías municipales de la Comunidad Valenciana (España), identificar la prevalencia de riesgos psicosociales y sus consecuencias, y analizar la influencia de los factores psicosociales (recursos y demandas) en el trabajo sobre la satisfacción laboral y la salud. Material y método. Se utilizó la Batería UNIPSICO para evaluar la prevalencia y la distribución de policías (n=103) en los diferentes niveles de riesgo y consecuencias. La influencia de los factores psicosociales (recursos y demandas) en el trabajo sobre los trastornos psicosomáticos y la satisfacción laboral se examinó mediante un análisis de regresión por pasos. Resultados. Se obtuvieron valores moderados de riesgo psicosocial en todas las variables para toda la muestra. Para las consecuencias de los riesgos psicosociales también se obtuvieron niveles moderados de trastornos psicosomáticos y satisfacción laboral. Los niveles de estrés percibidos y los estresores organizacionales tienen un efecto negativo sobre la salud y la satisfacción laboral. Conclusión. Para facilitar condiciones positivas para la salud y el bienestar de los policías, se requiere un compromiso real para la evaluación de riesgos psicosociales en las organizaciones policiales locales y para la adopción de medidas de prevención e intervención, donde se detecten factores de riesgo psicosocial. (AU)

Background. Police officers are exposed to risk and violence, which makes their work highly stressful. According to the Job Demand-Resource model, the working conditions of police officers may affect their health and job satisfaction. The aims of this research were to evaluate the psychosocial factors at work in a sample of municipal police officers from the Valencian Community (Spain) to identify the prevalence of psychosocial risks and their consequences and analyse the influence of psychosocial factors (resource and demands) at work on job satisfaction and health. Methods. The Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO) battery was used to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of different levels of risk and their consequences in police officers (n=103). The influence of psychosocial factors (resource and demands) at work on psychosomatic disorders and job satisfaction was examined using stepwise regression analysis. Results. All considered variables showed moderate levels of psychosocial risk for the whole sample. As for the consequences of psychosocial risks, moderate levels of psychosomatic disorders and job satisfaction were also observed. Perceived stress levels and organizational stressors have a negative effect on health and job satisfaction. Conclusions. To create positive conditions for the health and well-being of police officers, real commitment is required when evaluating psychosocial risks in local police organizations and the establishment of prevention and intervention measures where psychosocial risk factors are detected. (AU)

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of occupational risks and diseases among healthcare providers of the Regional Hospital Center of Dosso, Niger.

Background: In Niger, a low-income country, occupational medicine is little known and practiced, particularly in the health sector, where healthcare workers are exposed to numerous occupational risks. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices about occupational risks and diseases among healthcare providers working at the Hospital of Dosso (Niger) to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and practices level about occupational risks and diseases. Methods: A descriptive and quantitative census-based study was conducted among the 105 healthcare providers practicing at the hospital of Dosso between 1 April and 31 May 2023, using a self-administered questionnaire in the French language comprising a sociodemographic part and a knowledge, attitudes, and practices part about occupational risks and diseases. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores were calculated and Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess their association with sociodemographic characteristics. Results: In total, 83 healthcare providers agreed to participate in the study, with a participation rate of 79%. A total of 28% of participants had received training on occupational risks and diseases. The knowledge score about occupational risks and diseases showed that 55.4% of participants had a knowledge level varying from medium to high. The score of attitudes and practices showed that 68.7% of responders had an attitudes and practices level varying from medium to high about occupational risks and diseases. According to the composite score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices, 53% of participants had a knowledge, attitudes, and practices level between medium and high. A significant association was found between the composite score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices and the workstation occupied, mainly medical imaging service (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The study showed that 53% of responders had an overall level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices about occupational risks and diseases between medium and high. Among their sociodemographic characteristics, only the workstation occupied (mainly medical imaging service) was statistically associated with the composite score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Considering these findings, the administrators of the Hospital of Dosso must recruit an occupational medicine specialist to provide information and prevention visits on occupational risks and diseases to healthcare providers working in this institution.

Occupational health nursing: realities and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Designing and enhancing resilient occupational health and safety systems is a challenge. This fact makes it clear that occupational health professionals must be able to develop their full range of competencies. From this premise, it is appropriate to define and deepen the strengths and weaknesses of occupational health nursing (OHN), as well as to point out the opportunities and realities that address its performance. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: In the history of the professionalization of this speciality, different circumstances have conditioned its projection: the absence of its own body of doctrine, the lack of professional recognition, limited autonomy, and the definition of a clear regulatory framework. In addition to an epistemological limitation and the absence of clear leadership. DISCUSSION: In the consolidation of this speciality, there is a limited capacity to implement its own competencies, the invisibility of nursing care, the absence of leadership that incorporates research findings and difficulties in the application of scientific evidence, in addition to the influence of regulatory provisions and the idiosyncrasies of the company. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: The analysis of classical models with a transformative approach invites a more fluid and coordinated communication between occupational health, occupational risk prevention, primary care and public health, a proposal that induces collaboration and a more holistic approach to care for workers.

Mortalidade e carga do câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais no Brasil: estudo da Carga Global de Doença, 2019 / Laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational risks in Brazil: 2019 Global Burden of Disease

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a mortalidade e os anos de vida ajustados pela incapacidade disability-adjusted life years - DALYs) para câncer de laringe no Brasil atribuíveis a fatores de risco ocupacionais e comportamentais. Métodos: estudo ecológico com dados do estudo Global Burden of Disease 2019. Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e de DALYs para o câncer de laringe atribuíveis aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) e comportamentais (tabaco e álcool), de 1990 e 2019. Resultados: no Brasil, em 2019, a taxa de mortalidade por câncer de laringe atribuível aos riscos ocupacionais (ácido sulfúrico e amianto) foi 0,28 (II95%: 0,17;0,43) no sexo masculino e 0,03 (II95%: 0,02;0,04) no feminino, e a de DALYs foi 7,33 (II95%: 4,28;11,44) e 0,64 (II95%: 0,35;0,03), respectivamente. O ácido sulfúrico foi o principal risco ocupacional para a doença. Houve redução das taxas atribuíveis ao tabaco (mortalidade:-45,83%; DALYs:-47,36%) e aos riscos ocupacionais (mortalidade:-23,20%; DALYs:-26,31%), no Brasil, com aumento em alguns estados das regiões Norte e Nordeste. Conclusão: houve redução na mortalidade e na carga do câncer de laringe atribuível aos fatores ocupacionais no período, porém menor em comparação ao tabagismo, reforçando a importância de ações para reduzir o impacto dos riscos ocupacionais, como as medidas regulatórias aplicadas ao tabaco.

Abstract Objective: to describe mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational and behavioral risk factors in Brazil. Methods: this is an ecological study with data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease. Mortality and DALY rates for laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational (sulfuric acid and asbestos) and behavioral (tobacco and alcohol) risks were obtained from 1990 and 2019. Results: in 2019, the mortality rate from laryngeal cancer attributable to occupational hazards (sulfuric acid and asbestos) totaled 0.28 (95%UI: 0.17; 0.43) and 0.03 (95%UI: 0.02; 0.04), whereas and DALY rates, 7.33 (95%UI: 4.28; 11.44) and 0.64 (95%UI: 0.35; 0.03) in men and women in Brazil, respectively. Sulfuric acid configured the main occupational risk for the disease. The rates attributable to tobacco (mortality: −45.83%; DALYs: −47.36%) and occupational hazards (mortality: −23.20%; DALYs: −26.31%) decreased in Brazil but increased in some Northern and Northeastern states. Conclusion: laryngeal cancer mortality and burden attributable to occupational factors decreased in the period (although less than that for smoking), reinforcing the importance of actions to reduce the impact of occupational risks, such as the regulatory measures applied to tobacco.

Long-term temporal analysis of fatal and severe occupational accidents in Central European forests of the Slovak Republic.

INTRODUCTION: Forestry is one of the most dangerous industries worldwide. Workers handle heavy loads and are exposed to numerous adverse factors of the work environment. This study was focused on analyzing severe and fatal occupational accidents over a long period. METHODS: Data were gathered from occupational safety and health databases of the State Forests of the Slovak Republic, which manages 879,113 ha of forests in Slovakia. Between 2007 and 2021, 210 severe and64 fatal accidents were recorded. The data analyses included contingency tables, Pearson χ2 test, and Cramer's V coefficient to analyze the relationships between studied variables. RESULTS: The mean annual number of fatalities was 14, occurring to workers aged 42 on average. Almost 80% of all fatal accidents were suffered by contractors of harvesting operations, who were 5.23 times more likely to suffer a fatality than company employees. On average, 1.28 severe and0.75 fatal accidents occurred per 1 million m3 of harvested timber. The outcomes of the correlation analysis showed a decreasing trend in incidence in the case of severe accidents. Workers ≤ 30 years or between 51 and 60 years of age were the most vulnerable in the case of fatal accidents. In the case of severe accidents, workers between 51 and 60 were the most vulnerable group. Most fatal accidents were suffered by tree fellers (72.2%) during felling (69.8%), who were in contact with falling trees and tree parts (93.7% share for this material agent). Conclusion and Practical Applications: The presented study identified the most vulnerable worker groups as well as the effects of factors on the occurrence of severe and fatal occupational accidents in forestry. The results will serve in development of occupational safety and health strategies in forest enterprises.

Factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales de la salud de hospitales universitarios / Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals / Fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde de hospitais universitários

Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados a la infección por SARSCoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud de hospitales universitarios. Método: estudio multicéntrico, con abordaje mixto con estrategia incorporada concomitante, realizado con 559 profesionales en la etapa cuantitativa, y 599 en la etapa cualitativa. Fueron utilizados cuatro instrumentos de recolección de datos, aplicados a través un formulario electrónico. El análisis cuantitativo se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial y los datos cualitativos mediante análisis de contenido Resultados: los factores asociados a la infección fueron: realización de la prueba "RT-PCR" (p<0,001) y unidades que atienden a pacientes con COVID-19 (p=0,028). Tener síntomas aumentó la prevalencia de infección 5,63 veces y cumplir la mayor parte del tiempo con el distanciamiento social en la vida privada la redujo un 53,9%. Los datos cualitativos mostraron las dificultades que enfrentaron los profesionales: escasez y baja calidad de equipos de protección personal, sobrecarga de trabajo, distanciamiento físico en el trabajo, procesos y rutinas inadecuados y la ausencia de una política de triage y testeo masivos. Conclusión: los factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud se relacionaron mayormente con cuestiones laborales.

Objective: to investigate factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals. Method: a multicenter, mixed approach study with concomitant incorporated strategy, carried out with 559 professionals in the quantitative stage, and 599 in the qualitative stage. Four data collection instruments were used, applied by means of an electronic form. The quantitative analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative data were processed by means of content analysis. Results: the factors associated with the infection were as follows: performance of the RT-PCR test (p<0.001) and units offering care to COVID-19 patients (p=0.028). Having symptoms increased 5.63 times the prevalence of infection and adhering to social distancing most of the time in private life reduced it by 53.9%. The qualitative data evidenced difficulties faced by the professionals: scarcity and low quality of Personal Protective Equipment, work overload, physical distancing at work, inadequate processes and routines and lack of a mass screening and testing policy. Conclusion: the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals were mostly related to occupational issues.

Objetivo: investigar fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde de hospitais universitários. Método: estudo multicêntrico, de abordagem mista com estratégia incorporada concomitante, realizado com 559 profissionais na etapa quantitativa, e 599 na etapa qualitativa. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos de coleta de dados, aplicados via formulário eletrônico. A análise quantitativa foi realizada com estatística descritiva e inferencial e os dados qualitativos por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os fatores associados à infeção foram: realização de teste "RT-PCR" (p<0,001) e unidades com atendimento a pacientes com COVID-19 (p=0,028). Ter sintomas aumentou em 5,63 vezes a prevalência de infeção e aderir ao distanciamento social na maior parte do tempo na vida particular reduziu em 53,9%. Dados qualitativos evidenciaram dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais: escassez e baixa qualidade de equipamentos de proteção individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, distanciamento físico no trabalho, processos e rotinas inadequadas e ausência de uma política de triagem e testagem em massa. Conclusão: os fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde foram em sua maioria relacionados a questões ocupacionais.

Asociación entre comportamientos ofensivos y riesgo de burnout y depresión en trabajadores de la salud / Association between offensive behaviors and burnout and depression risks in health workers / Associação entre comportamentos ofensivos e risco de burnout e de depressão em trabalhadores de saúde

Objetivo: evaluar la incidencia de conductas ofensivas en el trabajo, las características y la asociación con el sexo, el estrés, el burnout y la depresión en trabajadores de la salud. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo, realizado con 125 trabajadores del Sistema Único de Salud brasileño. Los datos fueron recolectados entre junio de 2021 y abril de 2022, por medio de tres cuestionarios autoadministrados que evalúan características personales y ocupacionales; comportamientos ofensivos, estrés y burnout y síntomas de depresión. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, prueba de asociación chi-cuadrado y análisis de regresión logística Resultados: el 44% de la muestra declararon 83 conductas y las amenazas de violencia fueron las más frecuentes (26%). Técnicos/auxiliares de enfermería, enfermeros y médicos fueron los profesionales más expuestos. El principal agresor fue el paciente; excepto en el caso del bullying, que fue perpetrado por los compañeros de trabajo (48%). Hubo asociación entre conductas ofensivas y burnout (OR: 4,73; IC 95%: 1,29-17,3; p=0,02) y entre conductas ofensivas y síntomas de depresión (OR: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,01-1,10; p=0,02). Conclusión: la práctica de conductas ofensivas en el trabajo en salud es frecuente y característica; el burnout y los síntomas de depresión aumentaron, respectivamente, 4,73 y 1,05 veces las posibilidades de que el trabajador sufriera esas conductas ofensivas en el ambiente de trabajo.

Objective: to evaluate the occurrence of offensive behaviors at work, their characteristics and association with sex, stress, burnout and depression in health workers. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out with 125 workers from the Brazilian Unified Health System. The data were collected from June 2021 to April 2022 through three self-applied questionnaires that assess personal and occupational characteristics; offensive behaviors, stress and burnout; and depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square association test and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results: 44% of the sample reported 83 behaviors, with threats of violence as the most frequent ones (26%). Nursing technicians/assistants, nurses and physicians were the most exposed professionals. The main aggressors were the patients, except for bullying, which was perpetrated by co-workers (48%). There was an association between offensive behaviors and burnout (OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 1.29-17.3; p=0.02) and between offensive behaviors and depression symptoms (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; p=0.02). Conclusion: the occurrence of offensive behaviors in health work is frequent and characteristic and burnout and depressive symptoms respectively increased 4.73 and 1.05 times the chances of workers suffering these offensive behaviors in the work environment.

Objetivo: avaliar a ocorrência de comportamentos ofensivos no trabalho, suas características e associação com o sexo, estresse, burnout e depressão em trabalhadores de saúde. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado com 125 trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho de 2021 a abril de 2022, por meio de três questionários autoaplicáveis que avaliam as características pessoais e ocupacionais; comportamentos ofensivos, estresse e burnout e sintomas depressivos. Estatística descritiva, teste de associação Qui-Quadrado e análise de regressão logística foram aplicados. Resultados: 44% da amostra referiram 83 comportamentos, sendo as ameaças de violência mais frequentes (26%). Técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem, enfermeiros e médicos foram os profissionais mais expostos. O principal agressor foi o paciente, exceto quanto ao bullying, perpetrado por colegas de trabalho (48%). Houve associação entre comportamentos ofensivos e burnout (OR: 4,73; IC 95%: 1,29-17,3; p=0,02) e entre comportamentos ofensivos e sintomas de depressão (OR: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,01-1,10; p=0,02). Conclusão: a ocorrência de comportamentos ofensivos no trabalho em saúde é frequente e característica; o burnout e os sintomas depressivos aumentaram, respectivamente, 4,73 e 1,05 vezes as chances de o trabalhador sofrer estes comportamentos ofensivos no ambiente de trabalho.

Maternal Occupational Risk Factors and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence on the relationship between physical occupational risks (high physical workload, long working hours, shift work, whole-body vibrations, prolonged standing, and heavy lifting) and preterm birth. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted across six databases to investigate the relationship between physical occupational risks and preterm birth. Result: A comprehensive analysis of 37 studies with varying sample sizes found moderate evidence of positive associations between high physical workload, long working hours, shift work, whole-body vibration, and preterm birth. Meta-analysis showed a 44% higher risk (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.25-1.66) for preterm birth with long working hours and a 63% higher risk (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.03-2.58) with shift work. Conclusion: Pregnant women in physically demanding jobs, those working long hours or on shifts, and those exposed to whole-body vibration have an increased risk of preterm birth. Employers should establish supportive workplaces, policymakers implement protective measures, healthcare providers conduct screenings, and pregnant women must stay informed and mitigate these job-related risks. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], Identifier [CRD42022357045].

[Occupational disease by COVID-19 in healthcare workers]. / Enfermedad de trabajo por COVID-19 en trabajadores de la salud.

Background: 1 out of 5 cases of COVID-19 in Mexico occurred in health workers, and the high risk of contagion in these workers caused absenteeism due to temporary leave from work (TLfW), as well as the need to establish qualification criteria for COVID-19 as an occupational disease (OD). There are no quantitative data about the labor population to whom this benefit has been provided, nor on the economic impact of not being qualified as OD. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of qualification of OD by COVID-19 in health workers from a tertiary care hospital (TCH). Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study carried out from March 2020 to April 2021, which included health workers from a TCH who had TLfW due to COVID-19 and were working 14 days before it was issued. Variables such as OD, days of TLfW, category, among others, were analyzed, as well as the economic income lost by remaining as a general disease (GD). It was used descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 654 health workers had TLfW due to COVID-19, with a prevalence of OD of 18.5%; 17 days of TLfW were granted on average. Nurses were classified with the high number of OD, and the category with the highest prevalence was cleaning and hygiene assistant (36%). 5310 days of TLfW were subsidized as GD, equivalent to $510,385.60 (Mexican pesos) that were not granted as an economic benefit to the population that did not have an OD qualification due to COVID-19. Conclusions: The prevalence of recognition of COVID-19 as OD was low; most of TLfWs were subsidized as GDs.

Introducción: 1 de cada 5 casos de COVID-19 en México se presentó en trabajadores de la salud (TS) y la alta tasa de contagio provocó ausentismo por incapacidad temporal para el trabajo (ITT), así como la necesidad de establecer criterios para calificar la COVID-19 como enfermedad de trabajo (ET). No hay datos cuantitativos sobre la población laboral a la que se le ha dado esta prestación, ni sobre el impacto económico de que no sea calificada como ET. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de calificación de ET por COVID-19 en trabajadores de un hospital de tercer nivel (HTC). Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo llevado a cabo de marzo de 2020 a abril de 2021, que incluyó trabajadores de la salud de un HTC que generaron una ITT por COVID-19 y estaban laborando 14 días antes de su expedición. Se analizaron las variables ET, días de ITT, categoría e ingreso económico perdido al permanecer como enfermedad general (EG). Se usó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 654 trabajadores generaron ITT por COVID-19, con una prevalencia de ET del 18.5%; se otorgaron en promedio 17 días de ITT. A enfermería se le calificó el mayor número de ET y auxiliar de limpieza e higiene tuvo mayor prevalencia de ET (36%). Se generaron 5310 días de ITT subsidiados como EG, equivalentes a $510,385.60 pesos, que no fueron otorgados como prestación económica a la población que no contó con calificación de ET por la COVID-19. Conclusiones: la prevalencia del reconocimiento de la COVID-19 como ET fue baja; más del 80% de las ITT permanecieron y fueron subsidiadas como EG.

Performance and labor conditions of physiotherapists in Brazilian intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. What did we learn? / Desempenho e condições de trabalho dos fisioterapeutas nas unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras durante a pandemia da COVID-19. O que aprendemos?

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the role of physiotherapists in assisting patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Brazil regarding technical training, working time, care practice, labor conditions and remuneration. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was carried out through an electronic questionnaire distributed to physiotherapists who worked in the care of patients with COVID-19 in Brazilian intensive care units. Results: A total of 657 questionnaires were completed by physiotherapists from the five regions of the country, with 85.3% working in adult, 5.4% in neonatal, 5.3% in pediatric and 3.8% in mixed intensive care units (pediatric and neonatal). In intensive care units with a physiotherapists available 24 hours/day, physiotherapists worked more frequently (90.6%) in the assembly, titration, and monitoring of noninvasive ventilation (p = 0.001). Most intensive care units with 12-hour/day physiotherapists (25.8%) did not apply any protocol compared to intensive care units with 18-hour/day physiotherapy (9.9%) versus 24 hours/day (10.2%) (p = 0.032). Most of the respondents (51.0%) received remuneration 2 or 3 times the minimum wage, and only 25.1% received an additional payment for working with patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19; 85.7% of them did not experience a lack of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Intensive care units with 24-hour/day physiotherapists had higher percentages of protocols and noninvasive ventilation for patients with COVID-19. The use of specific resources varied between the types of intensive care units and hospitals and in relation to the physiotherapists' labor conditions. This study showed that most professionals had little experience in intensive care and low wages.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o papel dos fisioterapeutas na assistência a pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico da COVID-19 internados em unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil em relação a: formação técnica, tempo de trabalho, prática assistencial, condições de trabalho e remuneração. Métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito transversal analítico com questionário eletrônico distribuído aos fisioterapeutas que atuavam no atendimento de pacientes com COVID-19 em unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras. Resultados: Foram preenchidos 657 questionários por fisioterapeutas das cinco regiões do país, sendo que 85,3% trabalhavam em unidades de terapia intensiva adulto, 5,4% em neonatal, 5,3% em pediátrica e 3,8% em unidades de terapia intensiva mista (pediátrica e neonatal). Nas unidades de terapia intensiva com um fisioterapeuta disponível 24 horas por dia, os fisioterapeutas trabalharam com mais frequência (90,6%) na montagem, titulação e monitoramento da ventilação não invasiva (p = 0,001). A maioria das UTIs com fisioterapia 12 horas por dia (25,8%) não aplicou nenhum protocolo comparativamente às unidades de terapia intensiva com fisioterapia 18 horas por dia (9,9%) e às de 24 horas por dia (10,2%) (p = 0,032). A maioria dos entrevistados (51,0%) recebia remuneração de duas a três vezes o salário mínimo, e apenas 25,1% recebiam pagamento adicional por trabalhar com pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico da COVID-19; 85,7% deles não enfrentaram falta de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual. Conclusão: As unidades de terapia intensiva com fisioterapeutas 24 horas por dia apresentaram maiores porcentagens de protocolos e ventilação não invasiva para pacientes com COVID-19. A utilização de recursos específicos variou entre os tipos de unidades de terapia intensiva e hospitais e em relação às condições de trabalho dos fisioterapeutas. Este estudo mostrou que a maioria dos profissionais tinha pouca experiência em terapia intensiva e baixa remuneração.

Factores de riesgo ocupacional en profesionales de la salud de un hospital de Pucallpa-Perú

Los profesionales de la salud dentro del área de emergencia están expuestos a los diferentes riesgos ocupacionales, en donde pueden sufrir daños, lesiones, o contagios dentro del ámbito laboral mientras afrontan su jornada. Los peligros presentes pueden afectar de manera individual o colectiva, y tienen la posibilidad de desencadenar alguna modificación en la salud del trabajador, trayendo consigo alteraciones en el desarrollo ocasionando bajo rendimiento laboral o incumplimiento de los objetivos que tiene el hospital. Objetivo. Identificar el riesgo ocupacional en profesionales de la salud del servicio de emergencia del Hospital Regional de Pucallpa, 2022. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de análisis descriptivo con diseño no experimental; de corte transversal -prospectivo; con una población muestral de 81 profesionales de la salud del servicio de emergencia del Hospital Regional de Pucallpa; como técnica se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario con cuatro alternativas de escala de valor. Resultados. El 65.4% son del género femenino; el 64.2% tiene entre 31 a 40 años. El riesgo ocupacional en el 48.2% indica que es alto; el 33.3% indican que es medio, y el 18.5% indica que es bajo. Conclusiones. El riesgo ocupacional es alto; así mismo, en las dimensiones químico, físico, ergonómico, psicosocial es alto, mientras que en la dimensión biológico es bastante alto.

Health professionals in the emergency area are exposed to different occupational hazards, where they can suffer damages, injuries, or contagions within the work environment while facing their workday. The hazards present can affect individually or collectively, and have the possibility of triggering some modification in the worker's health, bringing with them alterations in the development causing low work performance or failure to meet the objectives of the hospital. Objective. To identify the occupational risk in health professionals of the emergency service of the Regional Hospital of Pucallpa, 2022. Materials and methods. A descriptive analysis study was carried out with a non-experimental design; cross-sectional -prospective; with a sample population of 81 health professionals of the emergency service of the Regional Hospital of Pucallpa; a survey was used as a technique and a questionnaire with four alternative value scales was used as an instrument. Results. The 65.4% were female; 64.2% were between 31 and 40 years old. The occupational risk in 48.2% indicated that it was high; 33.3% indicated that it was medium, and 18.5% indicated that it was low. Conclusions. The occupational risk is high; likewise, in the chemical, physical, ergonomic and psychosocial dimensions it is high, while in the biological dimension it is quite high.

Os profissionais de saúde da área de emergência estão expostos a diferentes riscos ocupacionais, nos quais podem sofrer danos, lesões ou contágio no local de trabalho durante o exercício da profissão. Os perigos presentes podem afetar de forma individual ou coletiva, e têm o potencial de desencadear alguma modificação na saúde do trabalhador, trazendo consigo alterações no desenvolvimento causando baixo desempenho no trabalho ou o não cumprimento dos objetivos do hospital. Objetivo. Identificar o risco ocupacional em profissionais de saúde do serviço de emergência do Hospital Regional de Pucallpa, 2022. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizado um estudo de análise descritiva com um desenho não experimental; transversal -prospectivo; com uma população amostral de 81 profissionais de saúde do serviço de emergência do Hospital Regional de Pucallpa; foi utilizada como técnica uma pesquisa e como instrumento um questionário com quatro escalas de valores alternativos. Resultados. 65,4% eram do sexo feminino; 64,2% tinham entre 31 e 40 anos de idade. O risco ocupacional foi alto em 48,2%, médio em 33,3% e baixo em 18,5%. Conclusões. O risco ocupacional é alto; da mesma forma, nas dimensões química, física, ergonômica e psicossocial ele é alto, enquanto na dimensão biológica ele é bastante alto.

Percepción sobre riesgos laborales en Enfermería durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Occupational hazard perceptions in nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Fundamento: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha incrementado los riesgos laborales en los profesionales de Enfermería, por ello es necesario conocer las percepciones del personal de salud como valor cualitativo a tener en cuenta en la gestión efectiva de su proceso laboral. Objetivo: Describir la percepción del profesional de Enfermería frente a los riesgos laborales durante la pandemia COVID-19, desde un enfoque fenomenológico. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa (descriptiva-explicativa) de tipo fenomenológico, estudiando las percepciones de 13 profesionales de Enfermería sobre los riesgos laborales de tipo físico, biológico, fisiológico y ergonómico, acontecidos en el Hospital del IESS "Dr. Efrén Jurado", en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Resultados: Se observó que los profesionales emplean estrategias de afrontamiento frente a los riesgos laborales, asimismo fomentan una conducta de autocuidado, siguen protocolos de bioseguridad, fortalecen la comunicación efectiva en el equipo de trabajo, brindan apoyo emocional al paciente, proyectan una actitud positiva y empática y mantienen su fortaleza en Dios; los profesionales constantemente experimentan miedo al contagio, tristeza, frustración e impotencia en su jornada laboral. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos se aproximan al modelo de creencias de salud, describiendo componentes que interactúan para originar una conducta o actitud de prevención de riesgo entre enfermeros, una percepción individual donde intervienen las creencias y los factores modificables como aspectos emocionales relacionados con los sentimientos.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased occupational hazards in nursing professionals, therefore, it is necessary to know the perceptions of health staff as a qualitative value to be taken into account in the effective management of their work process. Objective: To describe the perception of the Nursing professional in relation to occupational risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, from a phenomenological point of view. Methodology: Qualitative research (descriptive-explanatory) of the phenomenological type, studying the perceptions of 13 nursing professionals about physical occupational hazards, biological, physiological and ergonomic, occurred at the IESS Hospital "Dr. Efrén Jurado", in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Results: It was observed that the professionals use strategies for coping against occupational hazards, they also encourage self-care behaviors, follow biosafety protocols enhance effective communication in the work team, provide emotional support to the patient, project an attitude of positivity and compassion, and remain strong in God; professionals constantly experience fear of infection, sadness, frustration and powerlessness in their daily work. Conclusions: Findings approach the health belief model, describing components that interact to create a risk prevention behavior or attitude among nurses, an individual perception that involves beliefs and modifiable factors such as emotional aspects related to feelings.

Occupational Risks and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Indian Subcontinent: A Critical Review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant public health concern in the Indian subcontinent, with high prevalence rates observed in countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and neighboring nations. This review article critically examines the occupational risks associated with COPD in the region and emphasizes the need for comprehensive preventive strategies. The review begins by providing background on COPD and highlighting its impact on individuals and the economy. It then explores the different occupational hazards that contribute to the development and progression of COPD, including exposure to airborne pollutants and chemicals, occupational dust, and smoking and secondhand smoke in the workplace. The existing occupational health and safety regulations in the Indian subcontinent are assessed, along with an evaluation of their effectiveness in addressing occupational risks for COPD. The review also highlights gaps and challenges in implementing and enforcing these regulations. The impact of COPD on occupational health and the economy is examined, emphasizing the burden it places on affected individuals and their ability to work. The economic implications of COPD-related productivity losses are evaluated, underscoring the importance of addressing occupational risks to improve workforce health and productivity. Prevention and mitigation strategies are explored, including an overview of preventive measures to reduce occupational risks for COPD, the significance of early detection and diagnosis of COPD in the workplace, and the implementation of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and ventilation systems. The role of education and training programs for workers and employers is also discussed. The review identifies research gaps in the current understanding of occupational risks and COPD in the Indian subcontinent and suggests future research directions to address these gaps. It emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to generate evidence, inform policy decisions, and implement effective interventions.

Proceso de vestirse y desvestirse de los profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia de covid-19: estudio transversal / Paramentação e desparamentação de profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia por covid-19: estudo transversal / Sequence of dressing and undressing by nursing professionals during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Introducción: Durante la pandemia del covid-19 se implementaron protocolos de seguridad que contribuyeron a la protección de pacientes y profesionales de enfermería. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de vestirse y desvertirse de los profesionales de enfermería que actuaron en la asistencia durante la pandemia de covid-19 y verificar la asociación entre ese conocimiento y las características sociodemográficas y de desempeño de los profesionales de enfermería. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado de noviembre de 2020 a diciembre de 2021 con profesionales de enfermería que actúan en el cuidado en las cinco regiones de Brasil. El cuestionario fue desarrollado considerando la Nota Técnica GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA N° 04/2020. Consta de 10 preguntas, que van de 0 a 10 puntos. Se estableció el punto de corte ≥ 75 puntos y < 74 puntos para indicar conocimiento suficiente y conocimiento insuficiente, respectivamente. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante formularios de Google®, utilizando diferentes redes sociales. Resultados: De los 493 profesionales de enfermería, 157 tenían entre 30 y 39 años, 374 eran del sexo femenino y 358 trabajaban como enfermeros. En cuanto al conocimiento sobre el processo de vestirse y desvestirse, 370 tenían conocimiento suficiente y 123 conocimiento insuficiente. No hubo asociación entre el conocimiento sobre el proceso de vestirse y quitarse con características sociodemográficas y desempeño profesional. Conclusión: Los profesionales de enfermería demostraron conocimientos adecuados sobre el proceso de vestirse y desvestirse y no hubo asociación entre conocimiento y caracterización de los participantes (AU)

Introdução: Durante a pandemia por covid-19 foram implementados de protocolos de segurança que contribuiram para a proteção de pacientes e profissionais de enfermagem. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre a sequência da paramentação e desparamentação por profissionais de enfermagem que atuaram na assistência durante a pandemia por covid-19 e verificar a associação entre esse conhecimento e características sociodemográficas e de atuação dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado de novembro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 com profissionais de enfermagem atuantes na assistência nas cinco regiões do Brasil. O questionário foi desenvolvido considerando a Nota Técnica GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA Nº 04/2020. E conta com 10 questões, variando de 0 a 10 pontos. Foi estabelecido o ponto de corte ≥ 75 pontos e < 74 pontos para indicar conhecimento suficiente e conhecimento insuficiente, respectivamente. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelo Google forms®, utilizando diferentes redes sociais. Resultados: Dos 493 profissionais de enfermagem, 157 tinham idade entre 30 a 39 anos, 374 eram do sexo feminino, e 358 atuavam como enfermeiros. Em termos de conhecimento sobre a sequência de paramentação e desparamentação, 370 apresentaram conhecimento suficiente e 123 conhecimento insuficiente. Não teve associação entre o conhecimento sobre paramentação e desparamentação com as características sociodemográficas e de atuação dos profissionais. Conclusão: Os profissionais de enfermagem demonstraram conhecimento adequado sobre a paramentação e desparamentação e não houve associação entre o conhecimento e a caracterização dos participantes. (AU)

Introduction: During the covid-19 pandemic, safety protocols were implemented that contributed to the protection of patients and nursing professionals. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about the sequence of dressing and undressing by nursing professionals who worked in assistance during the covid-19 pandemic and to verify the association between this knowledge and sociodemographic and performance characteristics of nursing professionals. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out from November 2020 to December 2021 with nursing professionals working in care in the five regions of Brazil. The questionnaire was developed considering the Technical Note GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA No. 04/2020. It has 10 questions, ranging from 0 to 10 points. The cutoff point ≥ 75 points and < 74 points was established to indicate sufficient knowledge and insufficient knowledge. Data collection was performed using Google forms®, using different social networks. Results: Of the 493 nursing professionals, 157 were aged between 30 and 39 years, 374 were female, and 358 worked as nurses. In terms of knowledge about the dressing and undressing sequence, 370 had sufficient knowledge and 123 had insufficient knowledge. There was no association between knowledge about dressing and undressing with sociodemographic characteristics and professional performance. Conclusion: Nursing professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge about dressing and undressing and there was no association between knowledge and characterization of the participants. (AU)

Adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals in a public university hospital: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze the adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals in a public university hospital, and to identify associated factors. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study with the nursing staff of a public university hospital. The participants provided sociodemographic and immunization data, training data on standard precautions and occupational accident history, and responded to the questionnaire on adherence to standard precautions (QASP). Descriptive data analysis and Pearson's Chi-square test (χ²) were performed, followed by Fisher's exact test to verify the association between the adherence to standard precautions (total score ≥ 76 points) and the sample characterization variables. Additionally, binary logistic regression indicated the odds ratio (OR) of the sample characterization variables for adherence to standard precautions. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The average score for adherence to standard precautions, through QASP, by nursing professionals evaluated was 70.5 points. Association between the adherence to standard precautions and the professionals' sample characterization variables was not identified. However, it was observed that experienced professionals (≥15 years of experience in the institution) were more likely to adhere to standard precautions (OR 0.062; IC95% [0.006-0.663]; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: In general, the adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals working in health service in this study can be considered inadequate, highlighting major weaknesses in hand hygiene practices, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), recapping of used needles, and conduct after suffering occupational accidents. Experienced professionals were more likely to adhere to standard precautions.

Construction and Validation of an Occupational Risks Scale for Intra-hospital Nursing Staff / Construcción y validación de una escala de riesgos laborales del personal de enfermería intrahospitalario / Construção e validação de escala de risco ocupacional para equipe de enfermagem intra-hospitalar

Objective. To construct and evaluate initial validity indicators of an instrument on occupational risks for hospital nursing staff. Methods. A methodological study was conducted in four Chilean hospitals. The study was carried out in three stages: (i) integrative literature review on risk assessment instruments for nursing; (ii) descriptive qualitative study on 113 health professionals to identify their work conditions and experiences regarding occupational risks and construct three instruments proposals for nursing managers, clinical nurses, and technicians; and (iii) validity and reliability study of the three instruments in 503 nurses and nursing technicians. To collect the data from the qualitative study, individual interviews, focal groups, and non-participant observation were conducted. The data were analyzed thematically into predefined risk categories. Content validation was performed through expert judgment, and exploratory factor analysis of principal components was conducted for the preliminary construct validity study. Cronbach's alpha was used as an indicator of internal consistency. Results. A total of 128 items were identified, distributed across 11 categories and 25 subcategories of occupational risks for the three instruments derived from the original proposal. After expert validation, pilot study, and instrument administration, Cronbach's alpha values between 0.88 and 0.93 were obtained. Exploratory factor analysis distinguished eight to eleven components, with unsatisfactory goodness-of-fit indicators. Conclusion. The instruments demonstrated good parameters of content validity and reliability, although their construct validity needs further improvement.

Objetivo. Construir y evaluar indicadores de validez inicial de un instrumento sobre riesgos laborales del personal de enfermería intrahospitalario. Métodos.Estudio metodológico, participaron cuatro hospitales chilenos. Se desarrolló en tres etapas: (i) revisión integradora de la literatura sobre instrumentos de evaluación de riesgos en enfermería; (ii) estudio cualitativo descriptivo en 113 profesionales de salud para identificar sus condiciones laborales y vivencias respecto a los riesgos laborales y construir tres propuestas de instrumentos para jefaturas de enfermería, enfermeros clínicos y técnicos; y (iii) estudio de validez y confiabilidad de los tres instrumentos en 503 enfermeros y técnicos en enfermería. Para la recolección de datos del estudio cualitativo se realizaron entrevistas individuales, grupos focales y observación no participante. Los datos fueron analizados temáticamente en categorías de riesgos predefinidas. La validación de contenido se realizó a través del juicio de expertos y para el estudio preliminar de validez de constructo se hizo análisis factorial exploratorio de componentes principales. Como indicador de la consistencia interna se aplicó Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados. Se identificaron 128 ítems para 11 categorías y 25 subcategorías de riesgos laborales para tres instrumentos derivados del originalmente propuesto. Luego de la validación por expertos, el estudio piloto y la aplicación de los instrumentos, se obtuvieron valores alfa de Cronbach entre 0.88 y 0.93. El análisis factorial exploratorio distinguió ocho a once componentes, no lográndose buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste. Conclusión. Los instrumentos presentan buenos parámetros de validez de contenido y confiabilidad, debiéndose perfeccionar su validez de constructo.

Objetivo. Construir e avaliar indicadores de validade inicial de um instrumento sobre riscos ocupacionais da equipe de enfermagem intra-hospitalar. Métodos. Estudo metodológico, quatro hospitais chilenos participaram. Foi desenvolvido em três etapas: (i) revisão integrativa da literatura sobre instrumentos de avaliação de risco em enfermagem; (ii) estudo descritivo qualitativo em 113 profissionais de saúde para identificar suas condições de trabalho e experiências em relação aos riscos ocupacionais e construir três propostas de instrumentos para chefes, enfermeiros assistenciais e técnicos de enfermagem; e (iii) estudo de validade e confiabilidade dos três instrumentos em 503 enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados do estudo qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, grupos focais e observação não participante. Os dados foram analisados tematicamente em categorias de risco pré-definidas. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por meio de julgamento de especialistas e para o estudo preliminar de validade de construto foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória de componentes principais. Como indicador de consistência interna, foi aplicado o Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados. Foram identificados 128 itens para 11 categorias e 25 subcategorias de riscos ocupacionais para três instrumentos derivados do originalmente proposto. Após a validação por especialistas, o estudo piloto e a aplicação dos instrumentos, foram obtidos valores de alfa de Cronbach entre 0.88 e 0.93. A análise fatorial exploratória distinguiu de oito a onze componentes, não alcançando bons indicadores de qualidade de ajuste. Conclusão. Os instrumentos apresentam bons parâmetros de validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade, e sua validade de construto deve ser aprimorada.

Sanitary and environmental conditions related to food poisoning among informal street vendors in downtown Medellín, Colombia, 2016.

Introduction: Although studies with informal workers have been conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is still scarce evidence on the prevalence of food poisoning among workers with subsistence jobs on the streets and sidewalks of cities and on the factors that influence its presentation. Objectives: To determine sociodemographic, labor, sanitary, and environmental conditions that influence the prevalence of food poisoning in informal workers in downtown Medellín, Colombia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a workers' survey as the primary source. A total of 686 workers aged ≥18 years who had been working for ≥ 5 years were surveyed. An assisted survey was initially applied as a pilot test for training purposes and to obtain informed consent. Results: We identified several associations and explanatory factors of food poisoning using chi-square tests and prevalence ratios, with unadjusted and adjusted 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A higher prevalence of food poisoning (p < 0.05) was observed in workers with lower frequency of waste collection (PR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.04-4.19), who left cooked food (PR = 6.40; 95%CI = 2.34-17.8), beverages or chopped fruits uncovered at their workplace (PR = 3.92; 95%CI = 1.40-10.48), with inadequate waste management (PR = 4.84; 95%CI = 2.12-11.06), exposure to polluted water (PR = 3.00; 95%CI = 1.20-7.50) and acceptable water supply (PR = 5.40; 95%CI = 1.60-17.8). The factors that explained higher rates of food poisoning were not having a waste collection service (PRadjusted = 5.58; 95%CI = 3.38-13.10), inadequate waste management (PRadjusted = 6.61; 95%CI = 1.25-34.84), and having sanitary services next to worker's stall (PRadjusted = 14.44; 95%CI = 1.26-165.11). Conclusions: The conditions that are associated with and explain the higher prevalence of food poisoning in this working population can be addressed with health promotion and disease prevention interventions.

Introducción: Aunque se han realizado estudios con trabajadores informales en América Latina y el Caribe, aun es escasa la evidencia con respecto a la prevalencia de intoxicaciones alimentarias en trabajadores con empleos de subsistencia en las calles y aceras de las ciudades y a los factores que influyen en su presentación. Objetivos: Determinar las condiciones sociodemográficas, laborales, sanitarias y ambientales que influyen en la prevalencia de intoxicación alimentaria en trabajadores informales del centro de Medellín. Métodos: Estudio transversal con fuente primaria de información en un censo de 686 trabajadores, ≥18 años y con ≥5 años en su oficio. Se aplicó encuesta asistida previa realización de prueba piloto, estandarización de encuestadores y toma de consentimiento. Resultados: Se identificaron asociaciones y factores explicativos de intoxicación alimentaria, con pruebas del chi-cuadrado y razones de prevalencia (RP), con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) crudos y ajustados. Mayor prevalencia de intoxicación alimentaria (p < 0,05) en trabajadores con menor frecuencia de recolección de residuos (RP = 2,09; IC95% = 1,04-4,19), en quienes dejaban alimentos preparados (RP = 6,40; IC95% = 2,34-17,8), bebidas o fruta picada descubiertos en el puesto de trabajo (RP = 3,92; IC95% = 1,40-10,48), con inadecuado manejo de residuos (RP = 4,84; IC95% = 2,12-11,06), exposición a agua contaminada (RP = 3,00; IC95% = 1,20-7,50) y de aceptable calidad (RP = 5,40; IC95% = 1,60-17,8). Explicaron mayor intoxicación alimentaria no tener servicio de recolección de residuos (RPajustada = 5,58; IC95% = 3,38-13,10), inadecuado manejo de residuos (RPajustada = 6,61; IC95% = 1,25-34,84), y tener servicios sanitarios al lado del puesto de trabajo (RPajustada = 14,44; IC95% = 1,26-165,11). Conclusiones: Las condiciones que se asocian y explican mayor prevalencia de intoxicación alimentaria en esta población trabajadora, pueden ser revertidas con acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad.

Accidentes biológicos entre sanitarios durante la pandemia por sars-cov-2: 2019-2021 / Biological accidents among healthcare professionals during the sars-CoV-2 pandemic: 2019 to 2021

Objetivo: describir la tendencia de las exposiciones biológicas accidentales entre sanitarios durante los años 2019-2021. Método: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo retrospectivo con 400 accidentes biológicos de trabajadores del Departamento de Salud Clínico-Malvarrosa (Valencia) de 2019 a 2021. La información fue recogida por el Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales gracias a las bases de datos REBA y EOLAS. Se recogieron variables del tipo de accidente, entorno en que se produjo, características del trabajador afectado, medidas de seguridad tomadas y parámetros serológicos de la fuente y el trabajador. Resultados: la distribución de accidentes por año fue de n= 132 en 2019 (33%), n= 121 en 2020 (30,25%) y n= 147 en 2021 (36,75%). Los profesionales más accidentados en todos los años fueron los de Enfermería, concretamente con < 5 años de experiencia, edad de 25-34 años y con contrato eventual. Los servicios que más accidentes reportaron fueron Atención Primaria y Cirugía en todos los años, especialmente en turno de mañana. Más del 20% de los trabajadores no usaba guantes en el momento del accidente en ninguno de los tres años. El uso de la mascarilla aumentó de un 24% en 2019 a un 100% en 2021, así como las medidas de protección facial que aumentaron de un 0% a un 7%. El 96% de los accidentes pudo ser filiados sin casos de seroconversión entre los trabajadores expuestos en ningún año. Conclusiones: aparentemente la pandemia por COVID-19 no ha alterado la tendencia de las exposiciones biológicas accidentales entre sanitarios. Las fluctuaciones más notables podrían deberse a la reducción de actividad quirúrgica durante 2020.(AU)

Objective: to describe the tendency of biological exposures among healthcare professionals during the years 2019-2021. Method: a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study with 400 biological accidents among the staff of the Clínico-Malvarrosa Health Department (Valencia) from 2019 to 2021. The information was collected by the Occupational Risk Prevention Service through the REBA and EOLAS databases. The type of variables collected were: type of accident, setting where it occurred, characteristics of the worker involved, safety measures applied, and serological parameters of source and worker. Results: the distribution of accidents per year was n= 132 in 2019 (33%), n= 121 in 2020 (30.25%) and n= 147 in 2021 (36.75%). The professionals who experienced more accidents in all years were nurses, specifically those with <5 years of experience, 25-to-34-year old, and under temporary contract. The services that reported more accidents were Primary Care and Surgery in all these years, particularly the morning shifts. Over 20% of the staff were not wearing gloves at the time of the accident in any of these three years. There was an increase in the use of face masks from 24% in 2019 to 100% in 2021, as well as an increase in facial protection measures from 0% to 7%. Of these accidents, 96% could be recorded without seroconversion cases among workers exposed in any of these years. Conclusions: apparently, the COVID-19 pandemic has not altered the tendency towards accidental biological exposures among healthcare workers. The most significant fluctuations could be due to the reduction in surgical activity during 2020.(AU)